Agnimantha (Premna serratifolia): The Versatile Medicinal Vine
Basonym of Drug: The medicinal plant known as Agnimantha is scientifically referred to as Premna serratifolia.
Main Synonyms: In Ayurveda, Agnimantha is known by various synonyms, including:
- Arani
- Ativisha
- Shaliparni
- Vanishiga
- Dhamnyashtika
- Maharasnadi
- Rasaugandhi
- Pachamula
Regional Name: Agnimantha is also known by different names in various regional languages. Some common regional names include:
- Hindi: Arani/Vansa
- Bengali: Agnimath
- Kannada: Alalukatti
- Malayalam: Narakappuli
- Marathi: Rananimba
- Tamil: Siruviyalan
- Telugu: Yegisa
Botanical Name: The botanical name of Agnimantha is Premna serratifolia.
Family: Agnimantha belongs to the Verbenaceae family.
Classification of Dravya (Gana) as described in Charak and Sushrut: In the classical Ayurvedic texts of Charak and Sushrut, Agnimantha is classified as follows:
- Charak: Agnimantha is categorized under the group of “Kandughna,” which means it is beneficial in relieving itching and skin-related conditions.
- Sushrut: In Sushrut Samhita, Agnimantha is classified as a “Haritakyadi Varga” drug, indicating its use in formulations with other herbs like Haritaki.
External Morphology: Agnimantha is a deciduous shrub or small tree with a height ranging from 2 to 8 meters. The leaves are opposite, serrated, and lance-shaped. The flowers are small, greenish-white, and occur in dense panicles. The fruit is a small drupe.
Useful Parts: The useful parts of Agnimantha are primarily the leaves, stem, and root.
Important Phytoconstituents: Agnimantha contains various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. It is also a rich source of essential oils.
Rasa Panchaka: The Rasa Panchaka (five tastes) of Agnimantha is as follows:
- Rasa (Taste): Bitter (Tikta), Astringent (Kashaya)
- Guna (Quality): Light (Laghu), Dry (Ruksha)
- Virya (Potency): Heating (Ushna)
- Vipaka (Post-digestive taste): Pungent (Katu)
Action on Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala: Agnimantha primarily pacifies the Kapha and Vata doshas. It acts on the Rakta (blood) and Mamsa (muscle) dhatus and has an effect on the Purisha (stool).
Prayogarha Vyadhi (Therapeutic Indications): Agnimantha is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for various therapeutic purposes. Some of its essential indications include:
- Rheumatic and joint disorders
- Skin diseases
- Fever (Jvara)
- Respiratory conditions (Shwasa and Kasa)
- Digestive disorders (Agnimandya)
Amayikaprayoga and Matra (Therapeutic Administration and Dose): Agnimantha can be used in various forms, and the dosage depends on the specific application and the individual’s condition. Commonly used forms include:
- Decoction (for respiratory and digestive disorders): 50-100 ml, once or twice a day
- Powder (for skin conditions): 3-6 grams, once or twice a day
Vishishta Yoga (Names of Important Formulations): Agnimantha is an integral component of several Ayurvedic formulations. Some notable formulations include:
- Dashamoola Kwath
- Maharasnadi Kwath
- Triphala Churna
Vishakta Lakshan (Adverse Effects): Agnimantha is generally safe and well-tolerated when used in recommended doses. However, excessive consumption may cause digestive discomfort in some individuals.
Chikitsopachara (Remedial Measures): Agnimantha is best used under the guidance of a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner. Proper dosing, combining with suitable adjuvants, and considering an individual’s specific condition are essential aspects of its therapeutic application.
Shodhana (If Required): Agnimantha does not typically require shodhana (purification) procedures.
Agnimantha’s versatility in addressing a range of health conditions makes it a valuable herb in Ayurvedic medicine. Its applications extend to various systems of the body, reflecting its importance in traditional healthcare practices.
